Author(s)

Feng Wang¹, HuiYong Zhang^2*, GuanLin Yang²

Affiliation(s)

¹Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning, China.

²Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.

Corresponding Author

HuiYong Zhang

ABSTRACT

The fast pace of modern life has increased stress, leading to a faster incidence of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome in diseases. Therefore, liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome has become a common clinical syndrome. Animal models of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome are used in various disease areas, and numerous methods exist for evaluating these models, resulting in problems such as confusion regarding counter-evidence formulas. This article mainly evaluates the modeling methods, behavioral testing methods, and counter-evidence formulas for liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome in various diseases, providing theoretical support for experimental research on this syndrome.

KEYWORDS

Liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome; Animal model; Counter-evidence formula; Behavioral science; Tail clamping; Restraint

CITE THIS PAPER

Feng Wang, HuiYong Zhang, GuanLin Yang. The animal model establishment methods and model evaluation for liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2025, 7(3): 25-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61784/jpmr3052.

REFERENCES

[1] Lü Aiping, Chen Xiaoye, Zou Shijie, et al. Experimental study on spleen deficiency and liver stagnation type gastritis in rats. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology, 1994, 11-14+4.

[2] Peng Guiying, Gu Ligang, Wang Qingguo, et al. Effects of Liver Qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency on Immune Function in DEN-Induced Liver Cancer Rats and the Preventive and Treatment Effects of Liver-Soothing and Spleen-Strengthening Formulas. Dissertation, Editorial Department of Journals of China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2002.

[3] Zhang Beihua. Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of IBS-D with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Conference Paper, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 2013.

[4] Sun Xiaoqian, Sun Rong. A model of fatty liver with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency in rats. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2017, 23, 100-106.

[5] Huang Nana, Sun Xiaoqian, Yang Qian, et al. Study on the combined pathogenesis and syndrome model of acute liver injury (liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome) in rats. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016, 41, 124-131.

[6] Luo Huanhuan. Study on the intervention of liver-soothing and spleen-strengthening method in a duck animal model of hepatitis B virus infection with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. New Chinese Medicine, 2010, 42(432): 107-109.

[7] Peng Guiying, Gu Ligang, Wang Qingguo, et al. Effects of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency on immune function in rats with DEN-induced liver cancer. Journal of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2002, 37-40.

[8] Wan Xiaomin, Zhou Rong, Huang Xintong, et al. Effects of Xiaoyao San on IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type depression. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 22(190): 53-57.

[9] Cai Gan, Zhang Yuxi, Liu Qun, et al. Study on changes in CRF content in hypothalamus and locus coeruleus in patients with liver stagnation syndrome, spleen deficiency syndrome, and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2006, 5-7.

[10] Liu Xiaofang, Xue Xiaona, Wang Sumei, et al. Establishment and evaluation of rat model of multiple tic disorder with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 13: 166-169.

[11] Li Jinfei, Jia Zhijiao, Ding Lei, et al. A rat model of tinnitus with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome was established by a combined etiology method. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Otorhinolaryngology, 2019, 27(144): 63-65+67.

[12] Wang Yi, Zhou Jiaxuan, Huang Chunjiang, et al. Study on the establishment of a rat model of chronic pharyngitis with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency based on the theory of “emotional pathogenesis”. Journal of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 41(185): 15-19.

[13] Yue Lifeng, Wang Zonghua, Chen Jiaxu, et al. Behavioral changes and regulatory effects of Xiaoyao San on bilateral amygdala injection in rats with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2011, 26, 90-93.

[14] Zhao Bo, Chai Li, Wu Damei, et al. Experimental study on replicating animal model of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome using a compound multifactorial method. Journal of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2013, 36, 12-16+25.

[15] Liu Yuan, Tang Hongmei, Zhong Rufan, et al. Study on the effects and mechanisms of Jianpi Tongfu Granules on rat model of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 36, 56-60.

[16] Liu Yueyun, Guo Xiaoling, Zhao Hongbo, et al. Behavioral evaluation of the efficacy of Xiaoyao San extract on rats with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2013, 28, 222-225.

[17] Zhou Guoer, Wu Jing, Huang Yunjuan, et al. Preliminary study on the establishment of animal models of depression with “liver qi stagnation” and “liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency”. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2014, 32, 77-80.

[18] Jin Zhongye, Li Na, Zhao Hongbo, et al. Effects of Xiaoyao San on serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in rats with chronic restraint stress and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency anxiety model. Chinese Journal of Traditional Medicine, 2016, 31(217): 59-63.

[19] Zhang Beihua. Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of IBS-D liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 2013.

[20] Guan Wei, Li Ruoyu, Guo Jilong, et al. Analysis of the mechanism of action of Xiaoyao Wan in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency based on ~1H-NMR metabolomics technology. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2018, 24, 107-113.

[21] Wang Min, Liu Jiemin, Chen Ling, et al. Study on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang on gastric ulcer of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency in rats. Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 2016, 27(254): 63-67.

[22] Li Cong, Xie Ming, Zhao Ronghua, et al. Hemorheological changes and effects of Shugan Jianpi Decoction on rats with different syndromes of liver stagnation-spleen deficiency. Journal of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2014, 31(140): 66-70.

[23] Xiao Chengyu, Zhang Huiyong, Yang Guanlin, et al. Application of animal behavior in medical experimental research. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017, 19(155): 52-56.

[24] Zhai Guoyuan, Qin Jian, Liu Yang, et al. Laboratory animals and their application in scientific research. Gansu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 48(306): 16-18.

[25] Li Qin, Zhang Huiyong, Wu Tianshi, et al. Research progress on animal model establishment methods and model evaluation of spleen yang deficiency syndrome. World Science and Technology - Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2015, 17, 141-148.

[26] Wu Tianshi, Zhang Huiyong, Zhang Zhe, et al. A review of animal modeling methods for spleen deficiency syndrome. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2015, 56, 88-93.