FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING USING GIS – BASED MULTI – CRITERIA DECISION – MAKING “MCDM” METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF KANDAHAR PROVINCE, AFGHANISTAN
Keywords:
Flood susceptibility map, GIS, MCDM, AHP, Kandahar Province, AfghanistanAbstract
Floods, which are common than other natural disasters like earthquakes, heavy precipitations, and droughts, are one the primary effects of global climate change and have major effects on human safety, sustainable development, and economic growth. As climate warming and intensifying hydrologic cycle worsen, global flooding risks may increase, potentially impacting Afghanistan as well. Severe flooding being caused by rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and extreme weather in Afghanistan, especially in the region of Kandahar. Despite the significance of identifying and mapping flood – prone areas, this province has not participated in any previous studies done on the topic at hand. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a flood susceptibility map for Kandahar province and identified flood – prone areas with high levels of occurrence by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi – Criteria Decision – Making (MCDM) method, with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To achieve the study’s goal, 11 Flood Causative Factors (FCFs), such as runoff potential, slope, rainfall, flow accumulation, distance from rivers, topographic wetness index (TWI), drainage density, lithology, Digital elevation model (DEM), sediment transport index (STI), and curvature, were weighted and overlayed. The resulting map depicted five different levels of susceptibility to flooding: least, low, moderate, high, and very high. The model’s final map of flood susceptibility was found to be in line with past flood occurrences in the study area, demonstrating the successful outcome of the methodology utilized to locate and map flood – prone areas.References
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